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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(5): 1705-1712, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab, graf, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131561

ABSTRACT

Seiscentos primatas neotropicais foram submetidos a exames post mortem para avaliação da prevalência parasitária de helmintos gastrointestinais. Foram examinados 556 calitriquídeos (Callithrix spp.), 23 bugios (Alouatta guariba), 19 macacos-pregos (Sapajus nigritus), um mico-leão-dourado (Leontopithecus rosalia) e um mico-leão-da-cara-dourada (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Do total de 600 animais, foram encontrados espécimes parasitos pertencentes aos filos Acanthocephala, Nemathelmintes e Platyhelminthes (classes Trematoda e Cestoda) em 110 primatas. A prevalência de primatas positivos para, pelo menos, uma espécie de helminto foi de 18,3% (110/600), sendo destes 83,6% (92/110) calitriquídeos, 8,2% (9/110) bugios, 6,4% (7/110) macacos-pregos, 0,9% (1/110) mico-leão-dourado e 0,9% (1/110) mico-leão-da-cara dourada. Em 80,4% (74/92) dos calitriquídeos foram encontrados nematoides Primasubulura sp. e em 1,1% (1/92) nematoides Trypanoxyuris callithrix, em 26,1% (24/92) acantocéfalos (Pachysentis sp.) e em 5,4% (5/92) digenéticos (Platynosomum sp.); em 77,8% (7/9) dos bugios foram encontrados nematoides (Trypanoxyuris minutus), em 11,1% (1/9) acantocéfalos (Pachysentis sp.) e em 11,1% (1/9) cestoides (Bertiella sp.); em 14,3% (1/7) dos macacos-pregos foram encontrados nematoides (Physaloptera sp.), em 28,6% (2/7) acantocéfalos (Prostenorchis sp.) e em 14,3% (1/7) digenéticos (Platynosomum sp.) e no mico-leão-da-cara-dourada foram encontrados acantocéfalos (Prostenorchis sp.). Foi realizado o georreferenciamento dos pontos de encontro dos cadáveres para pontuar a distribuição dos helmintos por região.(AU)


Six hundred neotropical primates underwent postmortem examinations to evaluate the parasitic prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths. Fifty-five callitrichids tamarins (Callithrix spp.), 23 howlers (Alouatta guariba), 19 nail monkeys (Sapajus nigritus), a golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) and a golden-faced lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) were examined. Parasitic specimens belonging to phylums Acantocephala, Nemathelmintes and Platyhelmintes (Trematoda and Cestoda Classes) were found. The prevalence of primates positive for at least one species of helminth was 18.3% (110/600), of which 83.6% (92/110) callitrichids, 8.2% (9/110) howler monkeys, 6.4% (7/110) capuchin monkeys, 0.9% (1/110) golden lion tamarin and 0.9% (1/110) golden faced lion tamarin. In 80.4% (74/92) of callitrichids nematodes (Primasubulura sp.) were found, and in 1.1% (1/92) nematodes (Trypanoxyuris callithricis), in 26.1% (24/92) acanthocephalus (Pachysentis sp.) and 5.4% (5/92) digenetics (Platynosomum sp.); in 77.8% (7/9) of howler monkeys presented nematodes (Trypanoxyuris minutus), 11.1% (1/9) acanthocephalus (Pachysentis sp.) and 11.1% (1/9) cestoids (Bertiella sp.); in 14.3% (1/7) of capuchin monkeys presented nematodes (Physaloptera sp.), 28.6% (2/7) acanthocephalus (Prostenorchis sp.) and 14.3% (1/7) digenetics (Platynosomum sp.) and in the golden-faced lion tamarin acanthocephalus (Prostenorchis sp.) were found. Georreferencing of the meeting points of the cadavers was performed in order to punctuate the distribution of helminths by region.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Primates/parasitology , Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology , Geographic Mapping , Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology , Helminths/isolation & purification , Platyhelminths , Brazil , Acanthocephala , Nematoda
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(2): 607-614, Mar./Apr. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1128490

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição do milho pelo sorgo grão, moído ou inteiro, e a inclusão de carotenoides sintéticos em rações de frangos de corte, sobre parâmetros zootécnicos e desenvolvimento da moela. Utilizaram-se 960 frangos, machos e fêmeas, da linhagem Cobb 500, que foram submetidos a quatro dietas: à base de milho (M), à base de sorgo moído (SM) ou ainda acrescido de carotenoides sintéticos (SMC) e à base de sorgo inteiro (SI). Foram avaliados peso vivo, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça e cortes, peso de moela. A ração de SI proporcionou maior desenvolvimento de moela, embora, aos sete dias, não tenha havido diferenças no peso vivo e na conversão alimentar entre as dietas. SM e SMC proporcionaram maiores valores de peso vivo aos 28 dias do que SI. As conversões alimentares real e tradicional aos 40 dias foram semelhantes para as rações de sorgo, com um melhor rendimento de carcaça em SM e SMC. O sorgo moído pode substituir integralmente o milho nas rações para frangos de corte, sem comprometimento de desempenho e rendimento de carcaça, e, na forma grão inteiro, é zootecnicamente viável.(AU)


This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of corn with ground or whole grain sorghum and the inclusion of carotenoids in broiler feed on zootechnical parameters and gizzard development. A total of 960 Cobb 500 broilers, half of each sex, were submitted to four feeds: ground corn (M), ground sorghum (SM) ground sorghum with carotenoid supplementation (SMC) and whole grain sorghum (SI). Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion, carcass and cuts yield, gizzard weight were evaluated. SI feed provided a greater development of gizzard, however at 7 days there were no differences in body weight and feed conversions between diets. SM and SMC provided higher values of body weight at 28 days than SI feed. Feed conversion at 40 days were the same for the sorghum feeds with a better carcass yield in SM and SMC. Ground sorghum can completely replace corn in broiler diets without compromising performance and carcass yield, and whole grain sorghum is zootecnaly viable.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Carotenoids/administration & dosage , Chickens/growth & development , Sorghum , Gizzard, Avian/growth & development , Edible Grain , Zea mays
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(1): 119-124, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1088905

ABSTRACT

This case report describes the outcome of treatment of dogs with advanced (deeply invasive) nasal planum squamous cell carcinomas with palliative or definitive radiation therapy. All dogs were diagnosed with nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma by histopathology, and their owners declined aggressive surgery. Dogs were treated with a cobalt-60 unit, definitive-intent radiation protocol consisting of 15 daily fractions (Monday-Friday) of 2.8 Gy, and palliative radiation protocol consisting of 4 fractions of 8 Gy performed once a week. Three dogs had T3 tumors and three had T4 tumors according to the WHO staging system. Two dogs had tumor complete remission and four had tumor partial remission. Survival time of dogs submitted to radiation therapy was 95-417 days. Radiation acute side effects involved only mild epilation and cutaneous erythema in palliative protocols, and moist desquamation, epilation, mild rhinitis and oral mucositis in definitive-intent RT. Radiation therapy, especially palliative protocols, can be a treatment option for nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma in dogs, when the owner declines aggressive surgery. It may contribute to partial or complete tumor remission and better patient quality of life, even at advanced stages, leading to mild side effects.(AU)


Este relato descreve seis casos de carcinoma de células escamosas de plano nasal canino tratados com radioterapia definitiva ou paliativa. Em todos os casos, o diagnóstico definitivo foi feito mediante biópsia, e os tutores declinaram da cirurgia agressiva. A radioterapia foi realizada utilizando-se um equipamento de cobalto-60, e o protocolo definitivo consistiu de 15 frações de 2,8 Gy, cinco vezes por semana (segunda a sexta), enquanto o protocolo paliativo consistiu de quatro frações de 8 Gy, uma vez por semana. Seis cães foram tratados, entre os quais três tinham tumores em estágio T3 e três em estágio T4, de acordo com a tabela TNM da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Dois animais apresentaram remissão completa do tumor após o tratamento e quatro apresentaram remissão parcial. O tempo de sobrevida variou entre 95-417 dias, sendo que dois animais ainda estão vivos e em observação. Os efeitos colaterais da radioterapia foram apenas epilação e eritema leve, no protocolo paliativo, e epilação, radiodermite úmida, rinite e mucosite oral, no protocolo definitivo. A radioterapia, especialmente no protocolo paliativo, pode ser considerada uma opção de tratamento quando os tutores declinam da cirurgia agressiva. Ela pode contribuir para remissão (parcial ou completa) do tumor e melhor qualidade de vida do paciente, mesmo nos casos avançados, levando a efeitos colaterais mínimos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Nose Neoplasms/veterinary , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/radiotherapy , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/veterinary , Palliative Care
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 69(1): 101-105, jan.-fev. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-834122

ABSTRACT

Um canino da raça Boxer, fêmea, de oito anos de idade, foi atendido com salivação, halitose e disfagia. No exame clínico, foi observada uma massa ulcerada no terço médio da língua medindo 3,5 x 4,0cm. A histopatologia e a imuno-histoquímica levaram ao diagnóstico de um mastocitoma de alto grau. O tratamento cirúrgico (glossectomia parcial) foi declinado pelo proprietário, sendo a radioterapia indicada em seu lugar. O protocolo radioterápico empregado foi 15 frações de 300cGy, realizadas cinco vezes por semana. O equipamento utilizado foi de ortovoltagem. A lesão neoplásica apresentou remissão clínica completa a partir da quarta sessão radioterápica. O único efeito colateral observado foi mucosite leve na região irradiada, que, entretanto, não levou a sintomas clínicos. A quimioterapia sistêmica consistiu de vimblastina e lomustina, alternadas a cada 14 dias, durante quatro meses. Até o momento (22 meses após o tratamento), não há evidências de recidiva local ou metástases do mastocitoma. A associação da radioterapia e da quimioterapia pode ser considerada uma alternativa terapêutica nos casos de mastocitomas irressecáveis, já que, neste caso, levou à remissão completa e duradoura de um tumor agressivo, com ótima tolerância do paciente ao tratamento e posterior qualidade de vida.(AU)


An 8 year old female boxer was presented with salivation, halitosis and dysphagia. In the clinical examination, an ulcerated mass in the middle third of the tongue was observed, measuring 3.5 x 4.0cm. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry the confirmed diagnosis of a high-grade mast cell tumor. Surgical treatment (partial glossectomy) was declined by owner, and radiotherapy was indicated. The protocol consisted of fifteen daily fractions of 300 cGy each. The equipment used was an orthovoltage unit. The tumor had complete clinical remission after the fourth session, and mild mucositis was the only side effect observed. Systemic chemotherapy was performed with vinblastine and lomustine, alternated every 14 days, during four months. There is no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis in this patient twenty-two months after treatment. The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy can be considered as an alternative therapy in cases of unresectable mast cell tumors. It led to complete and durable remission of an aggressive tumor, with great quality of life.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Mastocytoma/radiotherapy , Mastocytoma/veterinary , Mouth/pathology , Drug Therapy/veterinary , Mastocytoma/drug therapy , Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Mouth Neoplasms/veterinary
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(3,supl.1): 257-276, Aug. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468296

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to characterise the floristic and phytosociological composition on a stretch of dense “Terra Firme” rainforest located in the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant area of influence, located in the state of Pará, Brazil. All trees with DAP >10 cm situated in 75 permanent plots of 1 ha were inventoried. 27,126 individuals trees (361 ind.ha-1), distributed in 59 botanical families, comprising 481 species were observed. The families with the largest number of species were Fabaceae (94), Araceae (65) and Arecaceae (43), comprising 43.7% of total species. The species Alexa grandiflora (4.41), Cenostigma tocantinum (2.50) and Bertholletia excelsa (2.28) showed the highest importance values (IV). The ten species with greater IV are concentrated (22%). The forest community has high species richness and can be classified as diverse age trees, heterogeneous and of medium conservation condition.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística e fitossociológica de um trecho de Floresta Ombrófila Densa de terra firme na área de influência da Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte, Pará, Brasil. Foram inventariadas todas as árvores com DAP > 10 cm em 75 parcelas permanentes de 1 ha. Foram observados 27.126 indivíduos arbóreos (361 ind.ha-1), distribuídos em 59 famílias botânicas, perfazendo 481 espécies. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Fabaceae (94), Araceae (65) e Arecaceae (43), perfazendo 43,7% do total de espécies amostradas. As espécies Alexa grandiflora (4,41), Cenostigma tocantinum (2,50), Bertholletia excelsa (2,28), apresentaram os maiores valores de importância (VI), sendo que nas dez espécies com maiores IV, estão concentrados 22%. A comunidade florestal apresenta elevada riqueza florística e pode ser classificada como multiâneas, heterogêneas e com médio estado de conservação.


Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Plant Dispersal , Rainforest , Trees/physiology , Brazil , Power Plants
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-175541

ABSTRACT

Background: The most practical and feasible method of controlling lymphatic filariasis is the rapid reduction of microfilarial load in the community by annual mass drug administration (MDA) of a single dose of diethyl Carbamazine Citrate. The objective of the study aimed at the trends in coverage and compliance of Mass Drug Administration with Diethyl Carbamazine Citrate (DEC) for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Goa. Methods: Cross-sectional population surveys were conducted after every yearly round of MDA with DEC for the years 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010 as part of independent assessment of MDA. Four clusters were selected from each district, each cluster having 30 households. A pretested questionnaire was used to interview the study participants and the responses were recorded in pre-designed formats. The data was analysed using SPSS package. Coverage rate, compliance rate, coverage-compliance gap and effective coverage rate were calculated. Results: The total coverage ranged from a high of 95.55% in the year 2007 and a low of 84.94% in 2006. The total compliance rate fluctuated between a low of 64.68% in 2010 and a high of 93.47% in 2006. Total coverage–compliance gap ranged from a high of 35.31% in the year 2010 and a low of 6.52%. Overall coverage and compliance rates were consistently higher in rural areas compared to urban areas for all the years under study. Conclusion: Coverage, compliance, coverage-compliance gap and effective coverage rate were found to be consistently lower in urban areas compared to rural areas. For the state to reach elimination targets, the MDA strategy implementation would require thorough review and revamping. Action on this front would ensure that gains made in filarial elimination are sustained eventually leading to elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the state of Goa.

7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(1): 7-14, fev. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-703999

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a eficácia da radioterapia no tratamento de felinos portadores de carcinoma de células escamosas cutâneo avançado. Um protocolo de fracionamento padrão de radioterapia foi aplicado em seis gatos portadores de uma ou mais lesões cutâneas de carcinoma de células escamosas, em um total de sete lesões neoplásicas, confirmadas por meio de análise histológica. Uma lesão foi classificada como T2 e seis como T4, segundo o sistema de estadiamento da Organização Mundial de Saúde para tumores epidermais de felinos. Os animais foram submetidos a doze frações radioterápicas de 4 Gy, realizadas três vezes por semana, utilizando-se um equipamento de ortovoltagem. Utilizaram-se energia de 120 Kv, 15mA e filtro 2mm de alumínio, o cone usado foi de 6x8cm, e a distância foco-pele foi de 30cm. As lesões foram acompanhadas durante todo o tratamento radioterápico e 30 e 60 dias após o seu término. Neste estudo, 87% das lesões resultaram em remissão completa, e 13%, em remissão parcial. Os efeitos colaterais do tratamento radioterápico, de acordo com a tabela de critérios de toxicidade aguda da Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, foram leves e reversíveis em todos os casos, e incluíram eritema cutâneo, epilação e rinite. Considerou-se a radioterapia segura para felinos com carcinoma de células escamosas cutâneo, levando a efeitos colaterais leves, e pode representar uma boa opção terapêutica.


The efficacy of radiation therapy for feline advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated. A full course radiation therapy protocol was applied to six cats showing single or multiple facial squamous cell carcinomas, in a total of seven histologically confirmed neoplastic lesions. Of the lesions, one was staged as T 1 , and six as T 4 according to WHO staging system of epidermal tumors. The animals were submitted to twelve radiation fractions of 4 Gy each, on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedule, and the equipment used was an orthovoltage unit. Energy used was 120 kV, 15 mA and 2 mm aluminum filter. The cats were evaluated duri ng the treatment and 30 and 60 days after the end of the radiation therapy. In this study, 87% of the lesions had complete remission and 13% partial remission to the treatment. Side effects were considered mild according to Veterinary Radiation Therapy Onc ology Group Toxicity criteria, and included erythema, epilation and rhinitis. Radiation Therapy was considered safe for feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, leading to mild side effects and can represent a good therapeutic option.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Wounds and Injuries , Cats/classification , Radiotherapy
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(5): 1383-1388, out. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689755

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve como objetivo promover o levantamento de índices zootécnicos para calcular e comparar a eficiência reprodutiva de rebanhos bovinos leiteiros por diferentes métodos. O intervalo de partos dos rebanhos estudados apresentou uma variação de 13,3 a 15,2 meses por meio dos diferentes métodos utilizados para sua obtenção, não se observando diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre eles. As avaliações pelos métodos de Johnson et al. (1964) e Butendieck et al. (1972) mostraram, respectivamente, eficiência reprodutiva de 79,5 e 77,8%. Embora considerados métodos mais eficientes que o de Willcox et al. (1957), cuja média encontrada para os mesmos rebanhos foi de 90,2%, não se observou diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos pelos três métodos.


The study aimed to promote the lifting of indexes to calculate and compare the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle herds by different methods. The parturition interval studied showed a variation from 13.3 to 15.2 months by means of different methods for obtaining it are not observing a significant difference (P> 0.05) between them. Evaluations by the methods of Johnson et al (1964) and Butendieck et al. (1972) showed, respectively, reproductive efficiency of 79.5 and 77.8%. Although regarded as the most efficient methods of Willcox et al. (1957), whose average found in the same herd was 90.2%, there was no significant difference between the results obtained by three methods.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/anatomy & histology , Cattle/growth & development , Reproductive Techniques , Reproductive Techniques/veterinary
9.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-139167

ABSTRACT

Background. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and study the associated factors in a rural population in Goa, India. Methods. A cross-sectional study was done in the rural area of Mandur, Goa. Participants >20 years of age were selected by systematic random sampling. They were interviewed with the help of a structured, pretested questionnaire. This was followed by clinical examination, anthropometry and relevant laboratory investigations. Diabetes mellitus was defined as per the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software package (version 14.0). Results. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the study population was 10.3% (130/1266) with a prevalence of 8.4% among men and 12% among women. On bivariate analysis, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was found to be significantly associated with age, occupation, family income, family history of diabetes, smoking, obesity, hypertension, and high serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified age, family history, hypertension, smoking, total cholesterol and triglyceride as the independently associated variables for diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. Innovative community outreach programmes are required to create awareness, and for screening and treatment of diabetes mellitus to curb the growing epidemic of diabetes in the population.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 62(5): 1135-1141, out. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570472

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a eficácia do protocolo radioterápico hipofracionado no tratamento de felinos portadores de carcinoma epidermóide facial. Um protocolo hipofracionado de radioterapia foi aplicado em cinco gatos portadores de um ou mais carcinomas epidermóides faciais, em um total de 10 lesões neoplásicas, confirmadas por meio de análise histológica. Duas lesões foram classificadas como T1, quatro como T2, duas como T3 e duas como T4. Os animais foram submetidos a quatro frações radioterápicas de 7,6 a 10gy, com intervalo de uma semana entre elas, utilizando-se um acelerador linear com feixe de elétrons. O acompanhamento dos animais foi realizado semanalmente durante o tratamento e aos 30 e 60 dias após o término da radioterapia. Neste estudo, 40 por cento das lesões resultaram em remissão completa, 40 por cento em remissão parcial e 20 por cento não apresentaram resposta ao tratamento. A taxa de resposta encontrada nessa pesquisa foi baixa, porém o protocolo de hipofracionamento radioterápico foi seguro para gatos com carcinoma epidermóide facial e resultou em efeitos colaterais leves/moderados.


The efficacy of hypofractionated radiation protocol for feline facial squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated. Hypofractionated radiation therapy was applied to five cats showing single or multiple facial squamous cell carcinomas, in a total of ten histologically confirmed neoplastic lesions. Of the lesions, two were staged as T1, four as T2, two as T3, and two as T4. The animals were submitted to four radiation fractions from 7.6 to 10 grays each, with one week intervals. The equipment was a linear accelerator with electrons beam. The cats were evaluated weekly during the treatment and 30 and 60 days after the end of the radiation therapy. In this study, 40 percent of the lesions had complete remission, 40 percent partial remission, and 20 percent did not respond to the treatment. Response rates were lower as compared to other protocols previously used. However, hypofractionated radiation protocol was considered safe for feline facial squamous cell carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Treatment Outcome , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary
11.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 61(1): 88-94, fev. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-513028

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito do citrato em meio CR2aa suplementado com soro fetal bovino (SFB) ou livre de proteínas séricas e sua associação com taurina no desenvolvimento de embriões bovinos fecundados in vitro. Embriões foram cultivados em CR2aa contendo 0, 0,5, 1,0 e 3,0mM citrato, suplementado com 10 por cento SFB (experimento 1) ou com álcool polivinil (PVA; experimento 2). No terceiro experimento, embriões foram cultivados em meio com 0,5mM citrato, ou 7mM taurina, ou com a associação de ambos, suplementado com SFB. Os cultivos foram realizados com células do cumulus em ambiente a 38,8ºC com 5 por cento de CO2 em ar atmosférico. Melhora no desenvolvimento embrionário foi observado no cultivo de embriões em CR2aa com 0,5 e 1,0mM citrato na ausência de SFB (P<0,05), 8,6 por cento e 11,3 por cento de blastocistos, respectivamente, porém com valores mais baixos (P<0,05) que embriões cultivados em CR2aa com SFB (31,9 por cento). Associação de citrato com taurina em meio com SFB não influenciou (P>0,05) a produção de embriões ou o número de células. Citrato em meio CR2aa pode ser uma alternativa para cultivo embrionário em condições atmosféricas com 5 por cento de CO2 em ar na ausência de proteína sérica.


The effect of citrate added to CR2aa medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) or serum-proteinfree and its association with taurine on the development of in vitro-fertilized bovine embryos was evaluated. Embryos were cultured with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0mM citrate, in CR2aa supplemented with 10 percent FCS (experiment 1), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; experiment 2). In experiment 3, embryos were cultured with 0.5mM citrate, 7.0mM taurine or with association of both, in medium supplemented with FCS. Embryo culture was performed with cumulus cells at 38.8ºC in 5 percent CO2 under air for all experiments. Positive effect on embryo development was only observed with 0.5 and 1.0mM citrate in FCS-free CR2aa (P<0.05; 8.6 percent and 11.3 percent blastocyst, respectively), however with lower embryo rate than CR2aa with FCS (31.9 percent). Association between citrate and taurine in medium supplemented with FCS did not affect (P>0.05) embryo rate nor total cell number. Citrate in CR2aa medium can be an alternative for serumfree embryo culture under 5 percent CO2 in air, absence of serum protein.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Citrates/adverse effects , Embryo Culture Techniques , Embryonic Development , Taurine/adverse effects
12.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-112775

ABSTRACT

A cross sectional study among 450 individuals selected by strafified random sampling was carried out in rural Goa to find out the prevalence of cysticercosis and taeniasis, as well as to study the role of various factors associated with this diseases. The study participants were administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire and subsequently blood and stool samples were examined. SPSS software was used to analyze the data statistically. The sero-prevalence of cysterosis was 22.4%, which increased with age. Prevalence of taeniasis was 9.7% by stool examination. Individuals with taeniasis were thrice more likely to have cysticercosis; however no association between sero-positivity for cysterosis and pork consumption as well as religion could be established. The study confirmed a high sero-prevalence of cysticercosis in Goa underscoring the need to general awareness about good cooking habits and sanitation.


Subject(s)
Aged , Animals , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Blood/parasitology , Cysticercosis/epidemiology , Cysticercus/immunology , Feces/parasitology , Humans , India/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Parasite Egg Count , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Taenia solium/growth & development , Taeniasis/epidemiology
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(5): 1089-1096, out. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471187

ABSTRACT

Caracterizaram-se o padrão de crescimento folicular e a função lútea ao longo do ciclo estral em vacas da raça Guzerá (n=5), multíparas, não-lactantes. Os animais utilizados apresentavam idade e condição corporal semelhantes e peso corporal médio de 518± 48.5kg. A dinâmica folicular foi monitorada diariamente a partir do dia da ovulação, durante dois ciclos consecutivos, utilizando-se um aparelho de ultra-sonografia equipado com uma probe linear retal de 5MHz. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas a cada 48h, a partir do momento da ovulação, durante os dois ciclos. O primeiro ciclo foi sincronizado pela administração de um luteolítico (cloprostenol), e o segundo foi natural. Os folículos foram identificados e mensurados; e os dados obtidos, registrados em função do dia do ciclo. O comprimento do ciclo estral foi de 19,10± 1,86 dias. Observou-se maior incidência de ciclos com três ondas de crescimento folicular (50 por cento), mas ciclos com duas (37,5 por cento) ou quatro ondas (12,5 por cento) também foram identificados. O diâmetro máximo dos folículos dominantes não ovulatórios foi de 11,60± 2,37 mm, e dos folículos ovulatórios de 14,4± 0,5 mm. A taxa de crescimento dos folículos dominantes da primeira, segunda, terceira e quarta onda foi de 1,48± 0,60; 0,81± 0,13; 1,10± 0,27 e 1,33mm/dia, respectivamente. A concentração máxima de progesterona no diestro foi de 5,50± 0,92ng/ml. A raça Guzerá apresenta características da dinâmica folicular semelhantes àquelas observadas em outras raças zebuínas, como a tendência ao maior número de ondas de crescimento associadas à menor taxa de crescimento, diâmetro máximo e persistência dos folículos dominantes das ondas intermediárias


The follicular growth pattern and luteal function during the estrous cycle were studied using multiparous, non-lactating Guzerá cows (n=5). The animals presented similar age, body score condition, and mean body weight of 518 ± 48.5kg. Follicular dynamics was daily monitored between ovulations during two consecutive estrous cycles, using an ultrasound device equipped with a linear rectal 5MHz transducer. Blood samples were collected each 48h after ovulation, during the evaluated cycles. The first cycle was synchronized using a luteolytic agent (cloprostenol), and the second estrous cycle was natural. Follicles were identified and measured, and data were individually recorded according to the day of the cycle. The mean length of the cycles was 19.10 ± 1.86 days. There was a higher incidence of cycles presenting three follicular growth waves (50 percent), but cycles presenting two (37.5 percent) or three (12.5 percent) waves were also observed. The maximum diameter of non-ovulatory follicles was 11.60± 2.37mm, and that of ovulatory follicles was 14.40± 0.50mm. The growth rate of dominant follicles during the first, second, third and fourth waves were 1.48 ± 0.60; 0.81 ± 0.13; 1.10 ± 0.27 and 1.33mm/day, respectively. Progesterone maximum concentration during diestrus was 5.50± 0.92ng/ml. These results show that the Guzera breed presents characteristics of the follicular dynamics similar to those observed in other Zebu breeds, like the trend to a higher number of follicular waves associated with lower growth rate, maximum diameter and persistence of the dominant follicles emerging during non-ovulatory waves


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Cattle/microbiology , Corpus Luteum , Cloprostenol/administration & dosage , Ovarian Follicle/physiology , Ultrasonography , Estrous Cycle/physiology
14.
Indian J Public Health ; 2007 Oct-Dec; 51(4): 231-3
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-110194

ABSTRACT

A retrospective data analysis of records from medical records department of Goa Medical College Hospital was done to analyse the trends of various bed utilisation indices from 1999 - 2006. Average length of stay, bed occupancy rate, turnover interval and bed turnover ratio were the indices calculated. During the eight year period from 1999 to 2006, the average length of stay for the entire hospital registered a small decline from 6.23 to 5.51 days, the overall bed occupancy rate increased from 72.13% to 83.12% and the bed turnover interval declined from 2.41 days to 1.12 days. The Orthopaedics ward had the highest increase in bed occupancy and also fastest decline in turnover interval in 2006. Bed utilization indices are an objective measure of the efficiency of the hospital management system.


Subject(s)
Bed Occupancy/trends , Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , India , Retrospective Studies , Utilization Review
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(2): 443-450, abr. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-455758

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo, reprodutivo e econômico de vacas da raça Holandesa, mantidas em pastagem de capim-coast-cross e suplementadas com 3 ou 6kg de concentrado/vaca/dia. O pastejo foi sob lotação rotacionada, com um dia de ocupação dos piquetes e 25 ou 35 dias de descanso nas épocas de chuvas ou de seca, respectivamente. A produção de leite foi influenciada pela quantidade de suplemento fornecida. Vacas que receberam 6kg de suplemento produziram mais leite (19,1kg/dia) do que as que receberam 3kg (15,5kg/dia). O primeiro estro pós-parto ocorreu aos 99,9 e 67,8 dias, respectivamente, pelos métodos de identificação visual e dosagem de progesterona, para vacas suplementadas com 3kg de concentrado, e 72,9 e 54,5 dias para as suplementadas com 6kg; os intervalos de partos, obtidos na mesma ordem dos tratamentos citados, foram de 444,8 e 436,8 dias. O método visual para identificação de estros não foi preciso e comprometeu a rentabilidade da atividade.


Productive, reproductive and economic performance of Holstein cows raised on coast-cross pasture and supplemented either 3 or 6kg of concentrate/cow/day were evaluated. Grazing was under rotating with one day of occupation of each feedlot and 25 or 35 days of resting in the rainy or dry seasons, respectively. Milk yield was higher for cows receiving 6kg of concentrate (19.1kg/day) than for cows receiving (15.5kg/day). The first post-calving estrous occurred on 99.9 and 67.8 days, respectively, by visual and progesterone dosage methods for cows fed 3kg of concentrate, and 72.9 and 54.5 days for those fed 6kg. The calving intervals were 444.8 and 436.8 days for cows fed 3kg and 6kg of concentrate, respectively. The visual method for estrous detection was not accurate and compromised business profitability.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cynodon , Livestock Industry/analysis , Livestock Industry/economics , Pasture/methods , Animal Feed , Reproduction/physiology
16.
Indian J Public Health ; 2007 Jan-Mar; 51(1): 64-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-109936

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a conceptual framework for establishing a multidiscipline Geographical Information System for environment public health surveillance in the state of Goa. Sectors networking for the Geographical Information System encompass Directorate of Health Services including peripheral health setup, Public Works Department, State Pollution Control Board, Irrigation Department, Inspectorate of Factories and Boilers, Town and Control Planning Department, Meteorological Department etc. the applications of which would predict potential outbreaks / epidemics of water borne diseases, malaria, diseases linked to pollution and would support disease control activities. In addition to health applications, the data generated would be used by the respective sectors for their other planning and programming needs.


Subject(s)
Environment , Geographic Information Systems , Humans , India/epidemiology , Interinstitutional Relations , Population Surveillance/methods , Public Health Administration
17.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 58(5): 809-815, out. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-441529

ABSTRACT

Determinaram-se as características andrológicas de touros da raça Gir, classificando-os quanto ao seu potencial reprodutivo, utilizando-se o sistema de classificação andrológica por pontos (CAP). Os animais foram separados em três grupos: G1= animais de 18-24 meses (n=33), G2 = 25-31 meses (n=24) e G3 = 32-38 meses (n=12). A média da circunferência escrotal no G1 foi menor (P<0,05) do que nos G2 e G3. A motilidade ( por cento) e o vigor não diferiram entre os grupos. As taxas ( por cento) de defeitos maiores e totais foram maiores (P<0,05) no G1 do que nos G2 e G3. Para as características andrológicas não houve diferenças entre G2 e G3. Com relação ao CAP, G1, G2 e G3 apresentaram, respectivamente, 25,7 por cento, 58,3 por cento e 61,5 por cento de animais aptos à reprodução; 11,4 por cento, 20,8 por cento e 15,4 por cento questionáveis e 57,1 por cento, 12,5 por cento e 15,4 por cento inaptos ou imaturos. A idade dos touros Gir influenciou a circunferência escrotal e os defeitos maiores e totais, mas não a motilidade e o vigor. Maior proporção de animais aptos à reprodução ocorreu após 24 meses de idade.


Gyr bulls were ranked regarding their reproductive potential, following evaluations through the score-based andrological classification system (ACP). For the examinations, three animal age groups were considered: 18 to 24 month-old (G1, n=33), 25 to 31 month-old (G2, n=24), and 32 to 38 month-old (G3, n=12). Scrotal circumference was lower in G1, as compared to G2 and G3 (P<0.05). Percent motility and vigor were not affected by the age groups. Percent rates of major and total defects were higher (P<0.05) in G1 than in G2 or G3. No significant differences were observed when G2 and G3 were compared. Regarding ACP data, G1, G2 and G3 yielded, respectively, 25.7, 58.3 and 61.5 percent of adequate breeders; 11.4, 20.8 and 15.4 percent of bulls with undefined breeding capacity, and 57.1, 12.5 and 15.4 percent of inapt breeders or immature animals. Age group affected scrotal circumference and major and total defects, but did not influence motility or vigor. The highest proportion of adequate breeders was obtained with 24-month-old bulls and older.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Scrotum/anatomy & histology , Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology
18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 58(3): 341-347, jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443586

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se os efeitos de dois protocolos de punção folicular na quantidade/qualidade dos oócitos e na produção in vitro de embriões, em vacas da raça Gir, não-lactantes. O ciclo estral foi sincronizado com cloprostenol e ao longo do experimento os animais receberam implantes auriculares de norgestomet, renovados a cada 14 dias. Os animais foram submetidos aos protocolos I (sem estimulação hormonal, com punção folicular duas vezes/semana) e II (pré-tratamento com 250 UI de FSH em doses decrescentes, três dias antes da punção folicular). Os oócitos recuperados foram levados ao laboratório em meio TALP-Hepes e submetidos à maturação. Na fecundação in vitro utilizou-se sêmen de touro Gir, previamente capacitado. Após 22 horas de fecundação, os prováveis zigotos foram co-cultivados com células da granulosa em CR2aa acrescido de 10 por cento de soro fetal bovino. A taxa de clivagem foi avaliada 72 horas pós-fecundação e a de blastocisto 192 horas pós-fecundação. O número total de folículos foi maior (P<0,05) no protocolo II, assim como o número de folículos grandes e médios (P<0,05) e o diâmetro do maior folículo (P<0,05), sendo o número de folículos pequenos (P<0,05) menor. O total de oócitos recuperados por sessão não foi diferente entre os protocolos I e II (P>0,05). O número de oócitos de grau I e a taxa de clivagem foram maiores (P<0,05) e o número de degenerados menor protocolo II. A pré-estimulação ovariana com FSH pode melhorar a qualidade e a taxa de clivagem dos oócitos recuperados por punção folicular em animais Gir.


The effect of two ovum pick-up protocols on amount/quality of oocytes retrived and on in vitro embryo production of Gyr cows was evaluated in non-lactating cycling cows with good body and reproductive conditions. Estrous cycles were synchronized with cloprostenol. During the experiment, animals received norgestomet ear implants, replaced every 14 days. Animals were submitted to protocol I (without hormonal estimulation) and protocol II (pre-stimulation with 250 IU of FSH three days before aspiration). Recovered oocytes were transported in Talp-Hepes to the laboratory, classified and maturated. Twenty two hours after fertilization, presumptive zygotes were co-culture with granulosa cells in CR2aa supplemented with 10 percent of fetal calf serum. Cleavage rate was assessed at 72 hours post-fertilization, and blastocyst production 192 hours post-fertilization. The total number of follicles, the number of large and medium follicles and the diameter of the largest follicle were higher (P<0.05) in protocol II, and the number of small follicles (P<0.05) was lower than in protocol I. No difference between protocols I and II was observed for oocytes recovered per aspiration section (P>0.05). The number of grade I oocytes and cleavage rate were higher (P<0.05) in protocol II and the number of degenerated oocytes was lower (P<0.05). The pre-stimulation with FSH can improve the quality and cleavage rate of oocytes recovered by ovum pick-up in zebu animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Embryo Research , Follicle Stimulating Hormone , In Vitro Techniques , Oocytes/physiology
19.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 58(3): 348-353, jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443587

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se o efeito da concentração espermática e período de incubação e da interação dessas características sobre a fecundação in vitro (FIV) usando-se sêmen de touros Guzerá. Oócitos (n=1146) maturados in vitro foram divididos em tratamentos objetivando a FIV, em esquema fatorial 3×2×2 (três touros - A, B e C, duas concentrações espermáticas - 2 e 4×10(6) espermatozóides/ml e dois tempos de incubação 12 e 18 horas). Utilizaram-se espermatozóides viáveis obtidos por swin-up. A FIV foi realizada em meio fert-talp com heparina, em incubadora com 5 por cento de CO2 e 95 por cento de umidade, a 38,5°C. Após incubação, 50 por cento dos oócitos foram fixados e corados para determinação das taxas de penetração, fecundação monoespermática e poliespermia. O restante foi co-cultivado com células da granulosa em meio CR2aa por oito dias, avaliando-se a taxa de clivagem e a produção de blastocisto. Houve maior taxa de penetração (P<0,05) na concentração de 4×10(6) espermatozóides/ml por 18 horas (64 por cento), e não se observou diferença (P>0,05) entre os demais tratamentos. A taxa de poliespermia foi maior (P<0,05) na concentração espermática de 4×10(6), independente do tempo de incubação. Na concentração espermática mais alta, a taxa de poliespermia foi maior no tempo de incubação de 18 horas (P<0,05). O touro A apresentou menor (P<0,05) taxa de poliespermia em relação aos demais. Ainda, no touro A a taxa de clivagem foi maior (P<0,05) que no touro B, enquanto o C mostrou-se semelhante tanto ao A quanto ao B. O tempo de incubação, a concentração espermática e a interação das variáveis influenciaram as taxas de penetração e poliespermia, sem interferir na taxa de fecundação monoespermática e na produção de blastocistos.


The effects of sperm concentration, incubation period and their interaction on in vitro fertilization (IVF) using sperm of Guzera bulls were evaluated. In vitro matured oocytes (n=1146) were allotted to IVF treatments in a factorial scheme 3×2×2 - three bulls (A, B and C), two sperm concentrations (2 and 4×10(6) spermatozoa/ml) and two incubation periods (12 and 18h). Viable spermatozoa were obtained by swim-up. The IVF was performed using in Fert-Talp medium with heparin, on incubator with 5 percent CO2 and 95 percent humidity, at 38.5°C. After the incubation, 50 percent of oocytes were fixed and stained to determine penetration, monospermic fecundation and polyspermy rates. The remainder was co-cultured with granulosa cells in CR2 medium for eight days to evaluate cleavage and embryo production rates. The penetration rate was higher (P<0.05) for sperm concentration of 4×10(6) spermatozoa/ml incubated for 18 hours (64 percent), and no differences (P>0.05) among remainder treatments were observed. The polyspermic rate (P<0.05) was higher for higher sperm concentration and incubation period. Bull A showed the lowest (P<0.05) polyspermy rate. Bulls A and C showed higher (P<0.05) cleavage than bull B. Incubation period, sperm concentration, and interaction of these two factors influenced penetration and polyspermy rates, without any effect on monospermic fecundation rates and embryos production.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Embryonic Structures/metabolism , Fertilization in Vitro/methods , Oocytes/growth & development , Semen/metabolism
20.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-112628

ABSTRACT

To study the heterosexual risk behaviors and to study the level of HIV/ AIDS awareness among males in a rural community in Goa. Survey was cross-sectional and community based. A sample of 300 males aged 15-49 years selected by stratified random sampling. An "UNAIDS protocol for measurement of HIV/STD prevention indicators" was used. SPSS software package was used for statistical analysis. One hundred and ninety eight (66%) males reported ever having sexual intercourse, of these 17% were single. Fifty three (17.7%) males reported intercourse with a non-regular partner in the past 12 months, of these 90.6% had intercourse with strangers, 92.5% had paid for sex and only 43.4% had used a condom for the last sexual encounter with a non-regular partner. Less educated males (<10th class), single and those employed have higher sexual indulgence with non-regular sexual partners. The level of knowledge about HIV/ AIDS was very high in all areas of causation and prevention. Although the awareness about sexual risk behavior was high, condom use was very low resulting in high risk behavior related to HIV/ AIDS and STDs among males. The study highlights the need for more effective behaviour change communication (BCC) strategies in the community as well as innovative methods like village level peer education.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Behavior Therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk-Taking , Rural Population , Sexual Behavior
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